Emirates Airline Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Emirates Airline - Case Study Example (Head servant and Keller, 2000) Emirates Airline has been blessed during the 2000s and past. The political scene in the area has been very ideal in light of the fact that the greater part of the nations in the Asian Pacific have been settling on understandings that encourage better exchange between nations particularly according to the aeronautics segment. These nations have consented to arrangements among themselves and furthermore with different nations in the United States and furthermore in the European landmass. These understandings have opened up Emirates to the world and have given instant markets to the Airline Company. Any flight organization must be prepared to handle high fuel expenses and Emirates is no special case,. In the year 2005, the nation announced an expansion in fuel use of seven percent from the earlier year. Fuel costs speak to the most noteworthy type of consumption in the organization as this has truly eaten into their benefits. The Asian Pacific district and specifically the United Arab Emirates, has been sustaining its economy at a quick pace. The greater part of the nations situated there are getting progressively develop. These economies are developing at a significant rate thus influencing their general salary. This implies the vast majority of them are winning more income per capita and they can in this way stand to utilize air transport. This is most likely the motivation behind why Emirates Airline has been consistently becoming in the course of recent years. ... (Tayeh, 2006) Aircraft traffic in the remainder of the world has decreased definitely. In any case, the Middle Eastern area has improved particularly for Emirates. Emirates achievement is legitimately connected to the City's prosperity Dubai. Dubai is one of the most quickly developing urban communities on the planet. It speaks to a great deal of potential for venture both in the travel industry and furthermore in the business world. As a matter of first importance, there are such a significant number of undertakings that re thinking of time. As a matter of first importance, the City is building an amusement park that looks like Disney world; it has set out on a venture that will house more than 400,000 inhabitants through a waterfront venture. As though this isn't sufficient, there are a lot of organizations that are continually coming up constantly. Land is one especially fascinating division since it pulls in bunches of capital speculation. All these undertakings are urging more guests to the C ity and the nation as a rule; this has been reflected in the mind-boggling market for Emirates. As though this isn't sufficient Emirates Airline is situated at an entirely reasonable district in Asia, it is in the Eastern and Western locales. Subsequently, the Airline is fit for tapping assets from the two sides. The Asian landmass has a blasting economy and Emirates Airline has truly profited by this. Social Emirates Airlines works in an area where there are various representatives and laborers. A large portion of these laborers once in a while interest for high remuneration. At the point when the United Arab Emirates is contrasted with different nations, for example, the United States, it very well may be discovered that there is a critical distinction in labor costs as the last nation goes through thirty eight percent of its working costs while the UAE just uses up eight percent of its working expenses to pay its

Corporate Social Responsibilities report Assignment

Corporate Social Responsibilities report - Assignment Example The organization guarantees ecological supportability through consolidating best practices which decreases sway on condition. Wendy is progressively worried about individuals and trusts in giving a bonus to partners separated from offering unrivaled quality food decisions. This association serves nearby networks and takes dynamic measures to limit any type of cultural issues. Unexpectedly, the Subway framework is slanted towards giving more beneficial and delicious food decisions. The organization endeavors to diminish natural effect and structures powerful projects for nearby networks. Supportable sourcing is one of the corporate social obligation exercises embraced by the organization. It keeps up an exacting code for merchants and smoothes out flexibly chain exercises. Security gauges and high food quality are kept up by the association and they are engaged with lessening water protection, vitality usage, and so on. They even serve nearby networks through huge number of gifts and sponsorships. Metro is a functioning member in setting of stretching out help to instructive establishments and neighborhood noble cause. Wendy’s and Subway frames a significant piece of the food business. The organizations are effectively engaged with giving better quality nourishments than clients. Nourishment and wellbeing guidelines are contemplated while fabricating food items. Natural supportability is a typical methodology embraced by both the organizations. There are various practices embraced by the organizations so as to improve ecological manageability. Ecological inviting practices are basic for both the associations. They are effectively enjoyed diminishing degree of water or vitality protection. This is a significant corporate social duty approach and it should be centered around by all organizations. Anyway both the organizations have started various projects to guarantee that their

Finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Account - Research Paper Example Numerous measurements have been created to facilitate this procedure. Confronted with an excessive amount of data, Investors on occasion get mistook for no away from of what the genuine costs of stocks ought to be. (Penman, 2003). Under such conditions, the financial specialist either settle on choice dependent on their sense, such speculators as indicated by Penman (2003) are instinctive speculators while other people who settle on their choice dependent on capital market productivity are alluded to as latent speculators. This piece of the inquiry tends to the presentation of another dare to be set up to empower us make educated judgment with regards to a hold a purchase or sell choice. In this way, the target of this inquiry is to dissect the liquidity, the gainfulness and dissolvability position of the new set up from data extricated from the anticipated benefit and misfortune account, the asset report and the income explanation. The report don't just give a monetary diagram of the new pursuit for the anticipated three years time frame. The inquiry likewise, manage potential financial specialists on where the business is coming from and where it is going to. Net overall revenue accept that without different costs what level of deals goes to the partnership as benefit, while net revenue thinks about all the costs and measures what level of deals comes in as benefit after the various costs more likely than not been deducted. It is critical to note here that, proportion examination in them is pointless aside from when contrasted and the business benchmark or different contenders. 2010 2011 2012 Key Data Deals 488000 536312 589943 Cost of Sales 277650 358168 392947 Net Profit 210351 178144 196996 Working Profit/Loss 39441 84173 93080.8 Rates % 2010 2011 2012 Development in Sales (%) 10.0 10.0 Net Profit Margin (%) 43.2 33.1 33.4 Net Profit Margin (%) 8.1 15.7 15.8 From the above examination and understanding, one will see that our proposed new pursuit is an attainable and beneficial business. While net revenue for the initial three years under projection is above 30%, net overall revenue likewise depicts a positive circumstance. Investigation of Capital Employed As indicated by Penman (2003), resources and liabilities are recognized dependent on the idea of the activities the hidden activity and the subsidizing structure. The hidden activity is spoken to by the working resources of the business. Working resources are otherwise called capital utilized - the measure of capital that is utilized in the business. Here, it is characterized just like the complete resources with no reasoning for the banks of the business. 000s 2010 2011 2012 Key Data Current Assets 131079 167081 229919 Fixed Assets 33362 89033 127526 Absolute Assets 164441 256114 357445 Rates % 2010 2011 2012 Current assests 80 65 64 Fixed Assets 20 35 36 Key information and ROCE 2010 2011 2012 Complete Assets 164441 256114 357445 Benefit Before Interest& Tax 52588 112230 124108 ROCE (%) 32 44 35 This proportion ROCE gauges how well a business has acted as far as the capital used to complete the every day tasks. As per Penman (2003), it is a key exhibition pointer and may show a decay despite the fact that the net overall revenue has gone up. This will uncover the way that the expansion in

Should You Prep for the PSAT 3 Reasons Why

Should You Prep for the PSAT 3 Reasons Why SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Regardless of whether preparing for the SAT or ACT isn't the most agreeable of exercises, it's anything but difficult to perceive any reason why it's imperative to excel on these tests. Contingent upon your perspective, SAT and ACT scores are either devices that universities use to help make sense of in case you're a decent counterpart for them and on the off chance that you'll prevail at their schools...or are affirmations guards that you need to vanquish in the event that you need to go to most American colleges*. On the other hand, PSAT scores are never observed by schools. Regardless of whether you get an ideal score on the PSAT, it's extremely just valuable for helping you meet all requirements for a National Merit Scholarship-something that lone US residents and lasting occupants are qualified for. So why prep for the PSAT, and what do you have to think about PSAT prep in case you're keen on giving it a shot? Continue perusing to discover increasingly about the advantages and disadvantages of centered PSAT prep (as opposed to joint PSAT/SAT prep) and what our PSAT prep suggestions are. *exceptions incorporate test-discretionary schools and Hampshire. Why Take the PSAT? While the SAT (or ACT) is far, unquestionably more supportive to school applications than the PSAT, there still are valid justifications to take the PSAT. We'll begin with the most significant explanation: if taking the PSAT is required by your secondary school. On the off chance that The PSAT Is Mandatory in Your School In some secondary schools (especially open secondary schools), the PSAT is compulsory for all understudies. Now and then, this equitable implies that you'll need to take the PSAT NMSQT the fall of your lesser year. Contingent upon your school, be that as it may, you may likewise need to take the PSAT NMSQT or PSAT 10 sophomore year, and undoubtedly a few understudies begin taking PSAT-like-tests (PSATLE?) as right on time as eighth grade with the PSAT 8/9. Managing all these extra state sanctioned tests is somewhat of an agony as an understudy, yet from the secondary school's perspective, the PSAT is a decent method to check whether understudies are on target for school applications. Regardless of what perspective you take a gander at it from, however, in the event that it's compulsory to take the PSAT at your school, at that point you'll need to take the PSAT. Imagine a scenario in which, however, you don't fall into this class. Maybe you could take the PSAT yet you'd need to go to an alternate school to take it, or your school offers the PSAT yet doesn't require understudies take it-would it be advisable for you to take it in any case? In these cases, the PSAT is as yet worth taking for the accompanying two reasons. Taking the PSAT Is Mandatory to Qualify for National Merit You may realize that another name for the PSAT understudies take in the fall of eleventh (and now and again tenth) grade is the PSAT NMSQT (or National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test). That is on the grounds that the best way to fit the bill for a National Merit Scholarship is through taking the PSAT NMSQT as a secondary school junior. National Merit Scholarships are merit-based (instead of need-based) grants given to understudies who have (through testing and different elements) qualified as National Merit Finalists. The opposition for National Merit is available to secondary school understudies who: are selected and advancing ordinarily towards graduation (fundamentally, you intend to graduate secondary school in four years, not pretty much) plan to select full time in school the fall after secondary school (no hole years!) are US residents or US legitimate perpetual occupants intending to become residents We'll talk about the various types of grants you can win by turning into a National Merit Finalist (and what ventures past the PSAT you have to take to get one), however for the time being, simply realize that in the event that you need to win a National Merit Scholarship, you should take the PSAT NMSQT in your lesser year and do very well. The PSAT Is Great Practice for the SAT Taking the PSAT can be an extraordinary low-stakes approach to perceive what taking a school selection test will resemble. You can regard it as an additional opportunity to become accustomed to state sanctioned testing without agonizing over the scores influencing your school acknowledgment. Figuring out how you respond to expanded times of spotlight on a test, how focused on you feel doing a math test without an adding machine, what the time pressure resembles you can accumulate huge amounts of various information focuses for future SAT/ACT prep by taking the PSAT. There are less and less schools nowadays, even among top-level universities and colleges, that require all SAT scores sent (remarkable special cases incorporate Yale, Georgetown, UC Berkeley and Carnegie Mellon), so on the off chance that you have the opportunity and cash, you can take the genuine SAT just to perceive what it resembles and not stress over your scores. Be that as it may, in most open secondary schools, taking the PSAT is free-or possibly essentially less expensive than the SAT-and its organization is incorporated with the school day (no compelling reason to squander a large portion of a Saturday). Main concern: the PSAT is a fine method to plunge your toe into the waters of school entrance tests with ease yet under sensible conditions. Dunk your toe into the water of school selection tests with the PSAT and the sands of government sanctioned test experience will follow. PSAT Prep versus SAT Prep: What's the Difference? While a great deal continues as before between the PSAT and the SAT (counting the branches of knowledge secured and test structure), there are a couple of significant contrasts between the tests that lead to contrasts in PSAT prep contrasted with SAT prep. The most significant distinction between the two tests is that PSAT scores are not taken a gander at by universities, though SAT scores are a lot of a significant factor in school affirmations. It's conceivable to contend that schools should think about your being a National Merit Semi-Finalist when taking a gander at your application, which in a roundabout way identifies with your PSAT score, yet the SAT inconceivably exceeds the PSAT in significance with regards to school confirmation. Along these lines, PSAT prep is lower stakes than SAT prep. Another key contrast between the PSAT and SAT is that the PSAT has no article area. While the SAT article area is discretionary, and an ever increasing number of schools are making it discretionary to send SAT exposition scores, there are as yet various schools (for the most part profoundly specific universities) that do expect you to take the SAT with the paper. Hence, understudies preparing for the SAT and focusing on a high score to get into top-level schools should invest a portion of that prep energy figuring out how to compose a high-scoring SAT article. On the other hand, understudies reading for the PSAT don't have to waste time with article prep. In general, the PSAT is likewise somewhat simpler than the SAT, both as far as timing and substance secured. Except for the Writing and Language segment (which has a similar number of inquiries and is a similar length on the PSAT as on the SAT), there are less inquiries per area on the PSAT than the SAT. While you have a similar time for every inquiry on PSAT Reading as on SAT Reading, there are less inquiries on every entry; and both PSAT Math areas give you additional time per question while posing less inquiries than the SAT Math segments do. The total aftereffect of these planning contrasts is that you need somewhat less perseverance to take the PSAT than the SAT-you just need to focus for an hour and 45 minutes rather than two entire hours. Joined with having more opportunity to respond to every Math question, these planning contrasts between the PSAT and SAT imply that while preparing for the PSAT, you don't need to get as great at time the board as you accomplish for the SAT. At long last, there are unobtrusive contrasts between the substance secured on the PSAT and SAT. As we notice in this article looking at the PSAT and SAT, there might be somewhat less enormous picture and derivation questions and more detail-discovering inquiries on the PSAT than on the SAT. Moreover, the PSAT Math segments contain relatively less inquiries that require geometric and trigonometric information than do the SAT Math areas. Rather, PSAT Math incorporates more inquiries (contrasted with SAT Math questions) on the Passport to Advanced Math point zones, similar to capacities and direct and nonlinear frameworks of conditions. Your PSAT prep will mirror this distinction as opposed to covering the SAT's harder points (that you might not have yet learned in school as an eleventh grader), you can invest more energy culminating fewer abilities. Since we've talked about why you should take the PSAT at all and the contrasts between preparing for the PSAT and the SAT, we'll proceed onward to the discussion of whether to prepare for the PSAT. For what reason Do PSAT Prep? With the College Board offering free SAT prep through Khan Academy and ACT, Inc. offering paid ACT prep, it's become quite evident that even the testing organizations themselves concede that preparing for the SAT and ACT will assist you with getting a higher score. Since the PSAT is only a marginally simpler, somewhat shorter variant of the SAT, it bodes well that you can prepare for the PSAT and increment your score a similar way you can with the SAT. Since PSAT scores aren't utilized in school applications, in any case, it tends to be more earnestly to make sense of whether it bodes well for you to prepare for the PSAT. To enable you to choose, we've spread out the contentions for the three most convincing motivations to invest energy preparing for the PSAT: fitting the bill for National Merit, concentrating on each thing in turn, and preparing for SAT prep. Reason 1: Qualifying for the National Merit Scholarship The main explanation understudies take the PSAT is to fit the bill for the National Merit Scholarship. We have a progressively point by point breakdown of how the National Merit Scholarship process functions in this article, however essentially what happens is that you take the PSAT NMSQT in the fall of your lesser year to check whether you can score all around ok to turn into a National Merit Semifinalist (which is the initial step making a course for turning into a National Merit Finalist and getting a National Merit Scholarship). As a National Merit Finalist, you can win a National Merit grant, a grant from your school, or a corporate grant. For more information on the best way to get each kind of grants, read this arti

Interpret Trends free essay sample

From this I can reason that the individuals who live in the Brisbane city territory win significantly more than those in the Sunshine city zone. The distinction in normal compensation is $41056. 19. This is a ton of distinction between the two urban areas. Just as taking a gander at the normal profit, you can likewise observe the normal; clients are eager to spend in these various territories. The individuals who live in Brisbane city are eager to pay a normal of $15125. 53 contrasted with a normal of $5099. 39. This is gigantic contrast of $10026. 14. I can close from these outcomes that those living in the Brisbane City zone are substantially more liable to spend more available. This will help me when valuing my items as it will permit me to alter the costs to guarantee that I am focusing on buyers inside the moderate value go for them. This will ideally expand my general deals. Piece of the overall industry | The Yard| BBQ’s R us| Outdoorz| BBQfun| 009 of 2000 BBQs sold in Brisbane| - | 500| 1000| 2010 of 250 BBQ’s in Brisbane| - | 75| 100| From the pie graphs above, you can see that in 2009 and 2010, BBQfun was the main open air retailer as far as number of BBQs sold. In 2009, BBQfun sold half of the BBQs sold anyway this dropped in 2010 to 40%. This demonstrates there is an issue with the measure of BBQs being sold and that BBQfun has lost a portion of its piece of the overall industry. This is most likely because of a need in item advancement as far as the BBQs anyway the way that clients are leaving the store too demonstrates that radical enhancements should be made. Deals Performance | 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| Total Sales $| 5,000,000| 8,000,000| 10,000,000| 11,000,000| From the outcomes above, you can see that since 2007, the business execution of the organization has persistently expanded. Beginning at $5,000,000 in 2007, the initial 2 years saw a 100% expansion. This has fundamentally dropped from 2009-2010 in any case, with just an extra $1,000,000 being made. Connecting in with the piece of the pie results, this shows there is presumably a tremendous space for item advancement just as the organization expecting to improve generally speaking also! Subjective examination Currently, BBQfun have 3 fundamental contenders: The Yard, BBQ’s R us and Outdoorz. The Yard is an extraordinary contender as they deal top of the line quality, Australian items anyway their stores are not situated in Brisbane which makes them to a lesser degree a nearby risk. Different stores anyway have either modest or no imported great and are picking up quality in the Brisbane showcase. I have made a survey to request that my clients discover what makes them come back to our store and keep on buying our items contradicted to our rivals. Which store do you lean toward buying items from? BBQfun BBQs R us Outdoorz 2. What makes you keep on visiting our store contradicted to the contenders? 3. What do you lean toward about different stores in contrast with our own? 4. What's your opinion of our client care and in which ways would we be able to improve? 5. What's your opinion about the nature of our items? 6. What are the most loved items that we offer? 7. What is your opinion about the area of our store? Simple available Satisfactory Hard to get to 8. Does having an assurance longer than our rivals, impact you to returned to us? I posed these inquiries to 100 of staff in store on a Saturday. The example I utilized was an open door test as I utilized the initial 100 individuals I could converse with. The criticism that I got from the meetings was the accompanying: * Our greatest rivals were sensibly even in wording measure of individuals favor buying items from them. 60% of individuals said that they incline toward buying from our store anyway this could be a one-sided see as they were in our store at that point. The greatest quality of different organizations appeared to be that Outdoorz offered a superb client care. Obviously they offer free home conveyance, help pressing items and consistently have enough, neighborly staff utilized to help with all enquires. This is something where we can hope to improve. * Our client support is seen as extraordinary anyway the fundamental upgrades I assembled were that we have to have more staf f during occupied periods. This is something to make a move on so we can offer a more excellent support everything being equal. * The nature of our items was seen as extremely high. 0% of our clients were incredibly content with our items. Additionally, one of the principle reasons customers ceaselessly purchase from us rather is because of the multi year ensure that we offer contradicted to different stores. This is something we are exceptionally content with and will proceed to screen and give. * The most loved items that we referenced were the Outdoor Furniture assortment. half were content with the quality and cost and expansive scope of items that we offer. * I additionally found that the area of our store is a major key to our prosperity and gives us an edge over our rivals. Because of us having a major client vehicle leave and being effectively available, we have an edge over our rivals which we will persistently screen to guarantee this stays the equivalent. Generally speaking, from this criticism, we are doing fabulously well in any case in the event that we enhance different zones, for example, client assistance, I’m sure that our piece of the pie will increment just as our deals and benefit! Openings and Threats Opportunities * A developing business sector in a high development zone with a critical level of the objective market still not mindful of BBQfun’s offer. * Increasing deals openings outside of our objective region †more noteworthy Brisbane Threats Competition from neighborhood independents that can decrease costs as proprietor works lower than our staff-run stores. * Competition from mainstream stores moving into the Brisbane showcase. * A droop in the economy diminishing customer’s discretionary cashflow spent on open air ways of life. Appraisal Task 2: Analyze subjective information †report BBQfun’s showcasing procedure is taking a gander at using a promoting spending plan of $250,000 for the year. They are hoping to target nearby letter box drops, radio and magazines. BBQfun will utilize post office based mail and neighborhood publicizing, with coupon embeds in the BrisNews magazine liable to be the best of the battles. There will be no separation or dishonest practices. Word related Health and Safety Act This guarantees the clients and representatives are constantly taken care of and given a protected situation to work or shop in. Kelly Marie Vidler S10268 Interpret advertise patterns and advancements Assessment Task 1: Draft Report Kelly Marie Vidler S10268 Interpret showcase patterns and improvements Assessment Task 2: Analyze subjective information report Kelly Marie Vidler S10268 Interpret advertise patterns and improvements Assessment Task 3: Market investigation report and introduction

Friday Afternoon Props

Friday Afternoon Props Here are ten people, groups, and inanimate objects that really deserve some props, and dare I say mad props at that, for genuinely improving my quality of life over the past 48 hours. 1. The Burton-Conner rooming committee, for doing a fantastic job with the in-house reassignment of over 100 freshman across nine floors, rarely needing to sink below third choice for any student. 2. Megan 08 for introducing me to the song Sunshowers by M.I.A. I bongo with my lingo and I beat it like a wing, yo 3. J. P. Licks, the ice cream store of choice of many MIT bloggers, for playing Holland, 1945 by Neutral Milk Hotel while I enjoyed white russian/chocolate chip twist soft serve frozen yogurt last night. The only girl Ive ever loved was born with roses in her eyes. 4. Joe 08, for inviting me to go aquajogging this afternoon. Joe is on the cross-country team, but had his little toe violently crushed by a small Jewish frisbee enthusiast two months ago, so hes aquajogging in the Z-center until its back in running condition. I may not live through this, but its okayat least Ill have something to blog about from the afterlife. 5. Ben, for treating Mitra and me to lunch at Steam Cafe. 6. Some random lady at Steam Cafe, for revealing to me that you can get as much organic brown rice as you can fit on a plate for the low, low price of $.75. All those carbs should give me plenty of strength to aquajog tonight. EAT THAT, DR. ATKINS! 7. Sams Mom, for giving me a seven-minute cellcert of When Doves Cry from Clay Aikens Atlantic City concert. 8. Verizon, for letting you delete your voicemail without listening all the way through. My old phone didnt have that option, and its useful when theres a particularly long message that you dont want to hear all the way through. 9. Daniela, for having a really pleasant conversation with me along the Harvard Bridge last night, even though I only introduced myself to her because I thought she was going somewhere with us. Actually, she just happened to be walking next to somebody in our group. 10. My plug flow reactor, for heating to exactly 250 +/- .5 C at 1000 psi today after three solid days of calibration. Now I can put turkey carcasses in you! and readers like you.

What Is a Passing Score on the ACT

Whether youre waiting for your ACT scores, have just received your ACT scores, or are looking over your practice exams, youll probably wonder at some point, Am I passing the ACT? What is a passing score on the ACT, anyway? You may even start to look at your dream schools and ask Fear not! In this post, we’ll talk about what a passing score on the ACT really means. No matter where you currently are in your ACT studies, let’s find some numbers to help you progress. Passing? The ACT has no official ‘pass’ score. Unlike your teachers, the ACT doesn’t give letter grades. It doesn’t leave notes in the margins. It just gives you a set of numbers with very little commentary. In fact, many first-time test takers have more questions than answers after seeing their scores. The truth is that everyone has his or her own unique passing score. Though everyone takes the same ACT, every person’s plan for the results is different. If you don’t have your own passing score on the ACT, let’s figure yours out. Your Passing Score on the ACT Taking the ACT is one of only many steps in preparing to apply for college. To come up with your individual passing score, you need to have a good idea of the types of colleges you might apply to your senior year. You don’t have to have the final college list ready a year in advance, but a general idea helps. With that long list of potential colleges, look up each college’s ‘Middle 50%’ ACT score range. Create an average of all the different score ranges for schools youd like to apply to. And voila! Theres your individual passing score on the ACTanywhere within that score range. Don’t I Want to Do Better than ‘Middle 50%’? You want to do the best you can. If your score is better than the ‘Middle 50%’ range, that’s awesome. It puts you in a great position when you apply. Also, more scholarship opportunities open up with higher ACT scores. That being said, at ultra-competitive schools across the country, the only score above the ‘Middle 50%’ is a perfect 36. Scoring anywhere in the ‘Middle 50%’ will keep your application in the â€Å"maybe† box long enough so that admissions counselors can get to know the real you. Besides, not obsessing over getting the perfect 36 gives you more time to focus on your grades, extra curricular activities, volunteer work etc. At the end of the day, an admission counselor would much rather admit a well-rounded applicant with a ‘Middle 50%’ ACT score rather than an applicant with perfect test scores and†¦that’s it. Final Thoughts Put a little time into creating your own passing ACT score, and the results will pay off later. You’ll have a challenging yet reasonable goal to work towards. Also, your study plan will benefit from having a target score range. That’s all for now, Magoosh readers. Good luck with your test preparation!

The Common Types Of Phobias - 2207 Words

ISLAMOPHOBIA Phobias are a type of a phsycological disorder that occurs in humans, it has several types, classifications and categories.As we all know, phobias are extreme types of fear, usually of unreasonable proportions and of the most ordinary of things. Some phobias are considered to be common phobias that can happen to people often. There are several common types of phobias such as spider phobia, snake phobia, flying phobia germ phobia. We can almost understand why and how a person could be afraid of heights or of crawling insects and spiders and other common types of phobia, there some types of phobias that are considered to be uncommon, and it is a totally different concept to become afraid, to an extreme degree, of†¦show more content†¦As a result, they will most likely discriminate against people they perceive to be outsiders. Although in group preference does not automatically require being hostile against the other people, in-group preference and out group hostility are enhan ced by external threats (Cashdan 2001). Since threats are often known to arise from the outsiders it can be expected that disasters have the ability to increase group loyalty. This paper will discuss a type of phobia which is Isalmaphobia and its effect. ISLAMOPHOBIA Previous we said that phobias are fears that are extreme and unreasonable in nature. When the term Islamophobia was first used in a 1991 Runnymede Trust Report, it was taken to mean the unfounded hostility towards Muslims, and therefore, fear or dislike of all or most Muslims (Center for Race Gender n.d.). This was first used within the situation of Muslim existence in the U.K. and Europe. However, we find in that hostility is the primary element for this phobia and it appears to be bigger in weight over the actual fear itself. It is aimed at a group of people foreign to one’s own. Finally, Islamophobia is unique because its considered as unfounded fear, there are some reasons that propose that Islamophobia has evolved into a racist phenomenon. Justifications for Islamophobia Based on the justifications above, we will attempt to explain why Islamophobia

Poverty In The United States Has Been A Very Big Issue

Poverty in the United States has been a very big issue throughout its history. Poverty is both an economic condition and a social concept. Poverty in the United States first took place in the 19th century and till this day. Poverty was caused by people being selfish and not allowing everyone to have a chance on being successful. Poverty took a big hit from the Great Depression to the Great Recession that led millions of people down. Since then the poverty rate has been going up and down, never keeping a steady pace. â€Å"In the late 1950s, about 22 percent of Americans nearly 40 million people were on poverty† (Poverty). This means that poverty is a big issue and everyone needs to contribute to fixing this problem. Since this is a big issue†¦show more content†¦This is a very good plan to keep people on track because the government can not overspend on every single family or else the government would not have any money. By doing all this the government programs help prevent the increase of poverty so that it can be reduced in the United States. The Great Recession was very hard for people and eventually led them to poverty. This event happened about eight years from today but it still affects some people in poor areas. As a result, to the great recession, major suburbs and the big city got affected that led the to a decline of the middle class. â€Å"The irony of this characterization is that what the middle class is struggling against and what portions of it have one fallen into is poverty† (â€Å"Introduction†). Although this was hard for many people some managed to escape poverty. Government policies were put in place that leads to the creation of lower paying jobs increasing the poor out of poverty. â€Å"These conjoined policies have also resulted in the creation of low paying â€Å"McJobs†, increasing the rank or the working poor†(Eternity). This was the best choice that the government could have done because without this poverty rates would increase. By putting in policies to recover from a major crisis this stimulated the economy resulting in a better workforce. With all of thisShow MoreRelatedInequality : Global And Social Inequality1330 Words   |  6 PagesInequality has been shown throughout American history and has affected various countries including the United States. The two forms of inequality this paper will address are global and social inequality. Social inequality refers to the distribution of resources based on socially defined characteristics, while global inequality is the systematic differences in wealth and power between countries. Children living in poverty don’t have the same opportunities as those who live in a higher income countyRead MorePolitical Issues Facing America 791 Words   |  3 Pages The United States has strived to be the strongest and most free democracy in the world, even though the United States truly is a republic. As a nation the United States have faced many issues that has greatly divided the nation, but we as a na tion have been able resolve the most pressing of them. Today we face new issues that seem to cut deeper and push us farther apart. There are many issues facing the United States. There true importance is widely debated, but some of the more prevalent are climateRead MoreEssay on Poverty and Health in Somalia and Africa1413 Words   |  6 PagesAfrica has many issues going on, but the one issue in specific that I am going to talk about is the poverty and health of Somalia, and the whole of Africa. Somalia is the poorest country in the world and they have a very weak health system. Africa is also not doing very well economically. Africa is the poorest Continent in the world. Every single one of the top ten poorest countries is in Africa. First, off I am going to talk about the health system. Here are some quick facts about the healthRead MoreChild Health Inequalities And Its Dimensions976 Words   |  4 Pagesto find two articles that related to the word we were given. Poverty, poverty impacts a lot of Americans as well as non- citizens of the United States. In order to live in poverty one is in the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; condition of being poor. In my first article â€Å"Child health inequalities and its dimensions in Pakistan† elaborates on the inequality in health and on the rate of poverty amongst the citizens of Pakistan. The well being of a good societyRead More The Problems of Illegal Immigration Essay example1548 Words   |  7 PagesMost Americans in the United States may not truthfully admit that there is discrimination in America when it comes to immigration.   The type of immigration that I am referring to is that of illegal immigration int o the United States from the southern borders.   The people coming here illegally or those that have overstayed passed their stipulated time issued by their visas are the ones who are facing this problem head on.   They are coming originally from different countries, such as Mexico, El SalvadorRead MoreLos Angeles Is A Problem For American Society1432 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as Rodeo Drive and Hollywood where most American movies are produced. The United States has a strong economy, is very safe, and solves a lot of big problems outside the border. United States has a lot of organizations, associations and charities for human rights; however, a big city like Los Angeles has a dark side, it has the highest percentage of homeless people, drug addicts and alcoholics in the United States. Almost all of these people live in one neighborhood, which is called Skid RowRead MoreAbortion : Not For The Abortion Act Of 19671518 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Abort Abortion: Not as easy as It Sounds† Abortion is a very questionable practice, but in many countries is legal if the mother is a victim of rape, or the birth of the child threatens the mother’s own life. Every country has a different approach to abortion. For some, abortion is completely illegal while other countries allow abortion under specific circumstances. Great Britain, Indonesia, and the United States have very different laws when it comes to abortion, but they also share some commonRead MoreProblems Faced By The American System1720 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican system has undergone several commendable reforms in the past. However, some factors still remain wanting and in need of more aggressive action to address. The unequal distribution of funds for schools has been a practice thought to be one that suits all schools. To the contrary, this method of fund distribution has raised other pertinent issues that suggest it should be revised. There is also concern over the large student-teacher ratio at these l earning institutions, which lead to very large classRead MoreSocial Problems Of Economy And Employment1325 Words   |  6 PagesEconomy and employment has always been a big topic in the United States. There is always some kind of problem that will lead into arguments between people. In this society, it is difficult to live the â€Å"American dream† or have â€Å"a house with a picket fence†. Everything is so expensive these days that it leaves low and some people in middle class struggling to feed their families. If a certain individual does not have a average paying job, the person will struggle and will not have a rewardingRead MoreProblems Faced By The American System1720 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican system has undergone several commendable reforms in the past. However, some factors still remain wanting and in need of more aggressive action to address. The unequal distribution of funds for schools has been a practice thought to be one that suits all schools. To the contrary, this method of fund distribution has raised other pertinent issues that suggest it should be revised. There is also concern over the large student-teacher ratio at these learning institutions, which lead to very large class

Nature Vs. Nurture Debate - 1863 Words

Nature vs. Nurture Albert Camus once said, â€Å"Man is the only creature who refuses to be what he is.† But what makes man what he is? Is it his sheer genetic makeup, or is it the way he was raised? The nature vs. nurture debate has raged on for centuries, but neither side has been able to prove their point indefinitely. Even today we see displays of the contrast between genetics and learned behaviors, in athletics, in intelligence, in behavior, in medical history, and in work ethic. Each person is completely unique, a combination of genetic makeup and environment make an individual who they are. Though the argument has never been settled, both sides of the nature vs. nurture debate hold enough evidence to make a strong case for their beliefs. Those on the nature side believe that all aspects of a person’s being are granted to him or her through the genetics at birth. Every ounce of ability, intelligence, and personality are derived from the ancestry of the pers on in question. Those who propose the nurture side of the argument believe that the source of one’s intelligence, personality, and abilities are developed through experiences in their life and the environment in which they were raised in. They believe the traits that are developed by humans are in direct correlation to the positive or negative environment where he or she was raised. Experts have argued over nature or nurture for centuries, but there is still no answer to the age old problem. An EnglishShow MoreRelatedNature Vs. Nurture Debate1427 Words   |  6 Pagesparents use authoritarian methods and punishment.† The nature Vs nurture debate has been around since 1690 created by the philosopher John Locke who believed we as humans do not have natural, inborn ideas; that our minds are a blank page, upon which experience shall write. Nurture is everything and nature is simply nothing. â€Å"Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic i nheritance and other biological factors. Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factorsRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate878 Words   |  4 Pagespersonalities and traits produced by genetics or shaped by the environment? Or, is there a relationship between nature and nurture with regards to child development? The debate continues. While some believe â€Å"nature and nurture work together, others believe they are separate and opposing influences† (McDevitt, 2010). Nature vs Nurture In regards to the nature vs. nurture debate, â€Å"this debate is a major issue in many social science disciplines and is concerned with the influence that biology, geneticsRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Debate1291 Words   |  6 PagesHow is the nature vs nurture debate related to a consideration of the mental disorder, schizophrenia? INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is categorized by thoughts or experiences that seem abnormal with reality, disorganized speech or behaviour and decreased participation in regular daily activities. Difficulty with memory and concentration are sometimes also present. The two hit hypothesis generally refers to a genetic vulnerability, which is known as the first hit, triggered by something in the environmentRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Debate1343 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversial to psychologist since the phrase was created in 1869 is â€Å"Nature vs Nurture†. Although the debate was started well before then, 1869 was the first time it was tied to the debate. The nature vs nurture debate is over whether you get your behavior from genetics, what you inherited from your biological parents, or if they are learned characteristics, what you learn from the environment and what you get taught. The debate can be traced back to early western philosophy and is still relevantRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debat e1332 Words   |  6 PagesNature vs Nurture debate is one of the oldest arguments in the history of psychology. The debate is about to know if our personality and talents come from our parent or environment? The coding of genes in each cell in humans determine the different traits that we have, more physical attributes dominance like ear size, eye colour, , height, hair colour and other traits. However, it is still not known whether the more abstract attributes like, intelligence, sexual orientation, personality, preferencesRead MoreThe Debate On Nature Vs Nurture Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesdubious history of the debate on nature vs nurture continues to be a controversy, more and more psychologists start to rise from both sides of the argument. The earliest evidence can be traced back to the time of John Locke, who believes that our minds are blank slates and only experience can write override it. Despite the main focus of the issue being how environment transact to influence development, psychologists today continue to argue on the issue of nature vs nurture. Intelligence is more ofRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate2114 Words   |  9 PagesNature vs. Nurture Albert Camus once said, â€Å"Man is the only creature who refuses to be what he is.† But what makes man what he is? Is it his sheer genetic makeup, or is it the way he was raised? The nature vs. nurture debate has raged on for centuries, but neither side has been able to prove their point indefinitely. Even today we see displays of the contrast between genetics and learned behaviors, some of which are athletics, intelligence, medical histories, etc. Every person is completelyRead MoreThe Nature Vs. Nurture Debate2673 Words   |  11 Pagesamount of social interaction is going to have a positive benefit, for young kids or any age. One of the most famous debates in Psychology is the Nature vs. Nurture debate, which has been going on since the time of Aristotle. The aspect within this debate comes to the question of; did the aspects of our behavior become because we inherited our characteristics from our parents know as the Nature? The other question leads up to our behavi or of; did we get our characteristics from what we learned from theRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : The Debate Of Nature Versus Nurture895 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs. Nurture The debate of nature versus nurture has been an ongoing debate for a long time. When applying this argument to education there is no proven winner. The nature side of the coin believes that a person is born the way that they are. This could include intelligence level or personality traits such as being outgoing or shy. The other side of the argument of nurture believes that the type of upbringing that someone has will play a large role in the way they develop. It is thoughtRead MoreThe Debate Of Nature Vs Nurture1364 Words   |  6 PagesThe ongoing debate of Nature vs Nurture is one of the oldest philosophical issues. The nature theory argues that all genes, and hereditary factors, influences an individual in terms of their physical appearance to their personality characteristics (Cherry, 2017). Conversely, the nurture theory argues that all environmental variables impact who individuals are, including early childhood experiences, how individuals were raised, social relations hips, and surrounding culture (Cherry, 2017). However

Ernets Hemingway Essay example - 1287 Words

Ernest Hemingway I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Introduction to Ernest Hemingway II.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Life and Times A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Early Life 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Birth 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Parents 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Influences 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Siblings 5.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hobbies B.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Adulthood 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;War 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Influences 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Marriage and Children 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Tragedies/Illnesses 5.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Death III.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Literary Style A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Unique†¦show more content†¦But within a few months he left his job. He was finally able to participate in World War I as a voluntary ambulance driver for the Red Cross, after repeatedly being rejected because of his damaged eye, caused by his boxing. On July 8, 1918 the nineteen year old was severely injured on the Austro-Italian front and hospitalized in Milan and had an affair with a Red Cross nurse named Agnes Von Kurowsky, who turned down his proposal to marriage. War punctuated Ernest Hemingway’s life and career (Ernest Hemingway 1024). The relationship is said to have formed the basis for one of Hemingway’s most popular and critically acclaimed novels was A Farewell to Arms (Hemingway, Ernest (Miller) 1899-1961 1). Hemingway was given two decorations by the Italian government, and then joined the Italian infantry. The war made big influences in Hemingway’s writings. War itself is a major theme in Hemingway’s works. In 1937 he was a correspondent in Spain; the events of the Spanish Civil War inspired For Whom the Bell Tolls. After he returned home to his family in Chicago to recuperate, he worked as a foreign correspondent for The Toronto Star. In Chicago, he met and married Hadley Richardson in 1921. In the same year his first son, John, was born in Toronto. But in 1927 he divorced Hadley Richardson and married Pauline Pfeiffer. He later moved to Key West where he had two boys named Patrick and Gregory.Show MoreRelatedEssay on The New Idea of Modernism 877 Words   |  4 Pageswomen. Before World War One, women were considered submissive to men. They di d not have duties outside of daily house work, and children. However after World War One people returned to women who had taken on more manly roles. In The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway uses women to show these challenges of society. Take Brett Ashley, before the war she would have been considered a rebel, and unattractive to most men, but after the war he attributes take on a whole new light. Brett is in control of her surroundings

How Is the Theme of Growing Up Explored in a Range of 20th Century Poems Free Essays

How is the theme of growing up explored in a range of 20th century poems? The theme of growing up is explored in a variety of ways in many 20th century poems, using different language techniques, that I am going to explore, to convey the emotion of children growing up in the times of class discrimination and racism. The four poems that I have chosen are all from different perspectives, the child’s or parents, or from retrospective points of views, recalling on the speaker’s life as a child. Chapter 7 : Black Bottom of The Adoption Papers, by Jackie Kay, is an extract of a poem that I am going to analyse. We will write a custom essay sample on How Is the Theme of Growing Up Explored in a Range of 20th Century Poems or any similar topic only for you Order Now This poem is about a white mother adopting a black child and how she faces racial bullying by the more â€Å"superior† whites in Glasgow, Scotland. The Adoption Papers uses the child, the white adoptive mother, and the white biological mother’s voice in alternating first person narrative, written in the present tense giving the poem themes of growing up, bullying and racism. The other two are from retrospective points of views, reflecting on the speakers’ lives as children and how they had to cope with the difficulties of growing up in a class system society. My Parents Kept Me From Children Who Were Rough, by Stephen Spender, is a poem about an adult reflecting on his childhood in the upper middle class, and the lower class bullying him because of the social differences, exploring themes of loneliness, remorse and fear. The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost, is the third poem I will analyse, explaining how choosing the correct path will determine the outcome of your life, and that maybe taking the lesser travelled road could make the difference. The Adoption Papers is themed on the effects of racism on younger children while they are growing up. This effect on the child is explored in detail throughout the poem and how she has had to cope with being victim of racial bullying, â€Å"you were fighting yesterday, again†. The uses of caesura and end-stopping show how racial bullying is an ongoing problem for her. While growing up, bullying is always a problem whether it is discriminative, racial, physical or verbal. The way she learns to cope with bullying is through her fists, which isn’t always the answer, whereas in My Parents Kept Me From Children Who Were Rough the speaker was a victim of physical bullying of the same nature. The children being â€Å"rough† in this poem, were all subjected to be looked down upon as lower class by the higher classes; causing them to become â€Å"rough† and seen as the bullies in the situation because of their need of a sense of security. The bullies in this poem have many references to the child in The Adoption Papers as she is seen as a victim that fights back against what she thinks isn’t fair, and both think that it is necessary to use fighting as a survival method to cope with the pain of being referred to as â€Å"abnormal† or â€Å"other† compared to the upper class who would call themselves â€Å"normal†. Both of these poems demonstrate the effects of an ignorant society. In The Adoption Papers, the child’s adoptive mother is also faced with having to deal with the effect of racial bullying toward her daughter. She often tells her daughter to ignore the bullies and the racial remarks, understanding what her daughter is going through and is always in her support, â€Å"You tell. You tell. You tell†¦your little girl a doing†. The use of sentence structure and punctuation here shows one of the effects bullying as had on the mother’s life. The very short, two word sentences, presenting the speech of the racist children’s mothers, can be seen as frantic, that they are quick to pass judgement and also do not want to be in their presence for long because of the social standing. Also the mothers upon hearing that it was a black child, have no second thought on accusing the child showing that, because of their ignorance and racist attitudes, that they weren’t worth empathising with and that they would have no excuse. The adoptive mother’s sentence structure on the other hand, has no caesura and is only one longer sentence. By structuring this â€Å"conversation† between the mothers like so tells us that the adoptive mother is neither ashamed or concerned by her daughter being of a different race and also suggests that she will always make a finishing point in an argument. The Road Not Taken is a poem also themed on growing up and represents life as roads or paths with different turning points and directions. Upon these turning points, one must choose in which direction to go, the one worn or the one less trodden on. This poem’s voice is of an adult reflecting back on his life in general and how these paths are just another part of growing up and that, in life, you would come across many different roads from which to choose. Robert Frost expresses this idea throughout the poem and also about the choice between two roads that had not been used, â€Å"Because it was grassy and wanted wear / Had worn them really about the same†. A tone of regret is sensed here because of how Frost structured the stanza. By having â€Å"Had worn them really about the same† after â€Å"Because it was grassy and wanted wear†, Frost’s meaning could be interpreted that the speaker could be mumbling or talking to himself, as if they are proud of their choice even though they know nothing of what could have been on the other path. This is later shown when the speaker says, â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh† suggesting that the speaker knows that they are likely to twist the truth, and seem heroic, in a more triumphant manner. Overall, I think that The Adoption Papers by Jackie Kay explores the theme of growing up in a very critical and thought provoking manner by using a wide range of literary techniques, such as caesura, repetition and similes, and that this poem is it most likely to stir the reader because of the detailed use of present tense, causing the reader to feel empathetically towards the child. My Parents Kept Me From Children Who Were Young uses simple literary techniques, such as repetition, end-stopping and word choice, but in an effective method to convey the harsh realities of bullying while growing up. The Road Not Taken theme of growing up is conveyed in a different manner using a retrospective view, along with a long sentence structure, metaphors and an overall rhyming structure of a, b, a, a, b, to show that you may have regrets in life but life choices are important decisions and that is it all a part of growing up. How to cite How Is the Theme of Growing Up Explored in a Range of 20th Century Poems, Papers

Distribution and Transportation Management- Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Effectiveness of various aspects of Transportation Management and the Carrier Relationship Management of Lenovo. Answer: Introduction In the present era of international business, effective process of transportation and distribution management is important for the contemporary business organizations in order to deliver their products in destinations around the world safely and in time. The aim of this report is to discuss about the effectiveness of various aspects of transportation management (Rushton, Croucher baker, 2014). This will include the selection of the proper incoterm and carrier. Moreover, this report will also discuss about the carrier relationship management of Lenovo. Accordingly, recommendations will be provided, which will further help to enhance the transportation management of them. Lenovo is one of the leading computer hardware manufacturers in world. Their product portfolio ranges from personal computer, laptops and mobile devices. Their country of origin is China; however, they are having their manufacturing facilities and logistic hubs in different countries (About Lenovo, 2017). The sector where Lenovo operates is highly competitive in nature with having several competitors in the market. Due to this reason, pricing of the products have to be kept in check in order to attract more customers. Moreover, the organizational goal of Lenovo is to provide products having updated and latest technology in affordable prices for mass market. Their organizational strategy of offering mass market products is helping the in achieving their goal of market leader in the computer hardware sector. Thus, in order to offer the products in affordable cost, Lenovo is in the need of having effective transport management, which will help them in reducing the cost of transportation of their products from the country of manufacturing to other countries (Kaszubowski, 2012). Moreover, due to the reason that computer products are sensitive to transportation damages, carrier and incoterms should be selected accordingly. Existing transportation process of Lenovo International commercial terms also known as Incoterms are being introduced by International Chamber of Commerce. These terms are being used by the exporters and importers around the world in selecting their mode of transport. There are various Incoterms, which are being introduced for diversified and varied uses for the stakeholders in the international business (Cavusgil, Knight Riesenberger, 2013). Thus, Lenovo being one of the leading global organizations and having operations across the world, they are in the need of effective and suitable incoterms to be used. Lenovo involves third party logistics firms in managing their logistics and transportation along with the initiation of the supply chain software. They do not involve transportation of their products by own (Stadtler, 2015). Moreover, with the help of the latest supply chain software, they are being able to internally manage the purchase orders, shipping notices and product invoices. DHL is one of their logistic partners who foresee their distribution operation in Brazil. However, one of the key issues being faced by them is the increase in the cost of transportation. This is due to the reason that, involvement of the third party logistics is increasing their cost of transportation (Aguezzoul, 2014). Moreover, on the other hand, another issue being identified is the lack of control in the process of transportation. This is due to the reason that, due to the involvement of the third party firms, Lenovo do not have the direct control over their transportation process. Thus, it is diffi cult for them to control and regulate the damages being occurred in the course of the transportation. There is an urgent need for them to have their own transportation process with having effective and suitable incoterms. Recommended incoterms Figure: 1 Cost and freight incoterm One of the recommended incoterms for Lenovo will be the Cost and Freight (CFR). This is due to the reason that, majority of the goods being transported by Lenovo is through waterways. Thus, this incoterm is most suitable for the water transportation. According to this incoterm, Lenovo will be responsible for the cost of transporting the goods to the destination port of the buyer (Lindstad, Asbjornslett Jullumstro, 2013). However, the insurance cost will be bear by the buyers. This will also enable Lenovo to transport their products with lower level of trust with the buyers. This is due to the reason that, the insurance cost is being covered by the buyers and thus the associated risk for Lenovo will be lower. Thus, the security in case of any mishaps in the transportation will be looked after by the buyer (Bergami, 2013). Moreover, the risk associated with the seller will be limited to the boarding of the goods in the port of origin. Thus, the risk for Lenovo will also be less due to the use of this incoterm. Figure: 2 Delivered at place incoterm Another effective and suitable incoterm for Lenovo will be the delivered at place. This incoterm is being recommended due to the reason that, it will enable Lenovo to mitigate the risk and responsibility involved in transporting their products to the countries having more risk of duties, tariffs and taxes. Due to the fact that Lenovo is doing their business in majority of the countries, thus, this incoterm should be used by Lenovo. This will help them in mitigating all the risks and cost associated with tax and tariff in the particular destination country. Transportation goal of Lenovo As discussed earlier, Lenovo exports their computer products from their manufacturing and logistics hubs to several countries of destination across the world. Thus, their key transportation goal is to transport their products safely and in time. Moreover, due to the reason that, they are producing and transporting electronic devices, thus, there is higher probability of damages in the course of the transportation (Dunning, 2012). Thus, the transportation goal of Lenovo is to have safe and secure process of transporting of their products. Accordingly, they are in the need of a shipping line or carrier, which will be cost effective as well as reliable and safe. This is due to the reason that, shipping cost is one of the major costs being incurred by them and it have implications on the end price of the products. In addition, due to the reason that, Lenovo is catering to the mass market with their affordable product line, thus they are in the need of a cost effective shipping line, whic h will reduce their transportation cost (Chang Wang, 2014). Criterion for selection of carrier Geographical coverage For the selection of the carrier or shipping line, there are various criterions that should be considered. One of the key criterions that should be given the maximum leverage is the geographical coverage or network of the particular shipping line. This is due to the reason that, Lenovo is having their operation facilities and destination market in various cities around the world. Thus, they will need a shipping line, which will have diverse geographic coverage around the world (Meng et al., 2013). The more will be the geographic coverage of the carrier, the more area will be covered by the Lenovo with their products. This factor should be given the most importance due to the reason that, if the shipping line cannot cover the desired geographical area, then the basic objective of transportation will not get achieved. Equipment availability Another important criterion is the availability of the latest equipment and with different capacity of the shipping line. This factor is the second most important in choosing the carrier for Lenovo due to the reason that, the product portfolio of Lenovo includes the computer hardware and mobile devices. These types of material will require extra care and attention in handling and transporting in order to reduce the rate of damage. Therefore, it is important to determine prior to the selection of the shipping line, whether the chosen shipping line is having enough and suitable equipment to handle the products of Lenovo (Wang Meng, 2012). The more equipped will be the shipping lines; the less probability will be there for damage of the products. This will eventually reduce per unit cost of shipping for Lenovo. According to the theory of transportation, one of the key objectives of effective process of transportation is to reduce per unit cost of shipping. In accordance to that, Lenovo have to select the shipping line, which will have latest and suitable equipment and will help them to reduce the shipping cost. Average transit time Transit time being taken by the carriers should also be considered by Lenovo. This is due to the reason that, the more effective will be the shipping line, the less transit time they will consume in transporting the goods. Involvement of the less time in transit will help them to provide the goods to their buyers in less time. Thus, the buyer satisfaction will get enhanced for them (Bang et al., 2012). Moreover, the reliability of the carrier should also be determined due to reason that, it is important to determine that, whether the carrier can transport the goods safely and without any mishaps or unwarranted incidents. Determination of these factors will help Lenovo to select the carrier, which will take less time in transporting their goods safely. Pickup and delivery Another important criterion that should also be considered is the reliability of the shipping line along with their delivery and pickup effectiveness. This is due to the reason that, the key motive of shipping carrier is to pickup and delivers the goods in time and in right place. For instance, if Lenovo chose a certain carrier, then they have to ensure that the particular carrier will pick up their goods to be transported in time and from the right place (Liu et al., 2014). On the other hand, they will deliver the goods in time at the right destination. This should be ensured due to the reason that, if the chosen carrier cannot deliver or pick up their goods in time, then the transportation will not be effective and it will create negative impression on the buyers over the delay. In determining this factor, evaluation of the background and past experience of the carrier will be helpful and will help to understand their standings in the market in terms of goodwill and reputation. Carrier relationship management According to the model of transportation, the basic three objectives are the cost effectiveness, timely delivery and reliability. As discussed earlier, the transportation goal of Lenovo is to have cost effective mode of shipping along with reducing the chance of damage in transit. Recommended type of relationship The relationship between the consignor and shipper should be in long term basis. This is due to the reason that, one of the key factors that influence the transportation process in the international business is the trust. It is important due to the reason that, in the process of transportation in the international business, certain risks are being associated with both the consignor and the shipper (Monczka et al., 2015). There are various instances where shipper have transported the ordered items but have not got the agreed price from the buyer or seller. On the other hand, consignor has paid the amount of shipping but goods received by the buyer are faulty and different. Thus, initiation of the long term relationship will help both the consignor and shipper to continue with their business agreements along with the enhanced level of trust and understanding. Process of building relationship It is important for the seller to share the profitability of the shipment with the shipper. This will motivate the shipper to get connected or attached with the consignor. Eventually it will enhance the collaboration and understanding among the shipper and the seller. Meeting and managing the commitment should be followed by both the seller and shipper. In the transportation of the goods, it is important to follow the commitment being made prior to the consignment. The more effective fulfillment of commitment by both the parties will help to enhance the long term relationship. Communication is another process, which will help to enhance the long term relationship between the shipper and the seller. If there is any operational change being occurred in the internal organization of the seller, then it should be properly communicated to the shipper and the necessary modifications that they need to do. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that, the existing process of transportation of Lenovo is oriented to third party logistics firms. This report have discussed about the possible incoterms that can be used by them in order to have their own transportation process. Moreover, recommended incoterms will help them to mitigate the risk involved in international transportation of their goods. This report have also discussed about the various criterions, which will help Lenovo to select the perfect and suitable shipping line in order to transport their goods. Various process of enhancing the relationship have also been discussed in this report, which will further help Lenovo in effectively managing their shippers. References About Lenovo | Lenovo. (2017).Www3.lenovo.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www3.lenovo.com/en/lenovo/ Aguezzoul, A. (2014). Third-party logistics selection problem: A literature review on criteria and methods.Omega,49, 69-78. Bang, H. S., Kang, H. W., Martin, J., Woo, S. H. (2012). The impact of operational and strategic management on liner shipping efficiency: a two-stage DEA approach.Maritime Policy Management,39(7), 653-672. Bergami, R. (2013). Incoterms 2010: The newest revision of delivery terms.Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis,15(2), 33-40. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G. A., Riesenberger, J. R. (2013).A framework for international business. Pearson. Chang, C. C., Wang, C. M. (2014). Evaluating the effects of speed reduce for shipping costs and CO 2 emission.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,31, 110-115. Dunning, J. H. (2012).International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE International Business). Kaszubowski, D. (2012). EVALUATION OF URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT MEASURES.LogForum,8(3). Lindstad, H., Asbjrnslett, B. E., Jullumstr, E. (2013). Assessment of profit, cost and emissions by varying speed as a function of sea conditions and freight market.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,19, 5-12. Liu, Z., Meng, Q., Wang, S., Sun, Z. (2014). Global intermodal liner shipping network design.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,61, 28-39. Meng, Q., Wang, S., Andersson, H., Thun, K. (2013). Containership routing and scheduling in liner shipping: overview and future research directions.Transportation Science,48(2), 265-280. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Rushton, A., Croucher, P., Baker, P. (2014).The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wang, S., Meng, Q. (2012). Robust schedule design for liner shipping services.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,48(6), 1093-1106.

Economics for Global Oil Demand - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEconomics for Global Oil Demand. Answer: Introduction: Article Summary: The article Global oil demand to exceed expectations in 2017, says IEA; OPEC cuts supply by Karen Gilchrist, published on 13th September, 2017, sheds light on the recent fluctuations in the global oil market due to the occurrence of several external phenomena of significant implications on the supply of oil. According to the article, as per the predictions of the International Energy Agency, the global demand for oil is expected to increase at a faster rate in the current period, then it was previously expected (Gilchrist 2017). This, clubbed with the fall in supply of oil, is leading to a rebalancing of the oil market, as it is driving out the scope of excess stock of oil. However, the supply of oil is has reduced significantly due to phenomena like the disrupting supply from Libya and the occurrence of Hurricane Harvey, the latter one leading to a daily shutting down of production of nearly 200,000 barrels. This drastic decrease in the supply of oil has led to a condition in the ma rket where the current prices are much higher than the future expected price. The article signals towards a price hike in the near future, though it does not give any specific estimate of the hiked price (Forbes.com 2017). Essay Overview: The essay takes into account the current issue of great concern that has been discussed in the concerned article. The phenomenon of the fall in supply of oil and its implications on the global oil demand and the reasons behind such implications are being studied in the essay. To study the market fluctuations and the stabilizing process, the essay takes reference of different microeconomic concepts like that of demand and supply, changes in demand and supply and their effects on price, elasticity and market efficiency (Rader 2014). Article Analysis: Equilibrium in Oil Market: Oil, being one of the primary necessary commodities for every household and industry in every corner of the world, much of the welfare of the world as a whole depends on the demand and supply situations of the international oil market. Any fluctuation in any of the two forces can lead to huge repercussions on the overall lifestyle of people as a whole. In general, any market (oil market being no exception), remains in an equilibrium situation, when the demand and the supply forces mutually interact with each other and reach a mutually agreeable point, which can be shown as follows: Figure 1: Equilibrium in the market (Source: As created by the author) As can be seen from the above figure, the equilibrium in the market occurs at the point E, where the demand and the supply curve intersects each other, with P0 being the equilibrium price and Q0 being the equilibrium quantity. A stable equilibrium is that condition, which, after any kind of deviation, again comes back to its initial steady state as can be seen from the above diagram (Pearson et al. 2014). Current Demand Supply Imbalances: In the current scenario, as suggested by the concerned article, the global supply of oil, which otherwise maintained a consistency in the levels of supply, fell drastically in the first half of the current year. Much of this fall in the global oil supply can be attributed to the Hurricane Harvey, which occurred in the USA in the month of August. This led to shutting down of many refineries and each day there was a loss of production of nearly 200,000 barrels in August and an expected loss of 300,000 barrels per day in September (Gilchrist 2017). On the other hand, the demand for oil has been consistently increasing, with the demand increasing by 2.4% in the second quarter of the current year. The demand, as has been predicted by the IEA, is expected to increase in the next year at the rate of 1.4%. These two phenomena of a supply shortage and a simultaneous increase in the demand for oil, in the global market, is expected to lead to a scenario, which is explained with the help of the following diagram and the underlying economic reasoning behind the same: Figure 2: Changes in supply and demand (Source: As created by the author) As can be seen from the above figure, the decrease in the supply, collated with the constant increase in the demand for oil, in the global framework, is theoretically expected to shift the equilibrium point from E to F. This leads to a reduction the total quantity of oil in the market and increasing the price of oil significantly (Rios, McConnell and Brue 2013). However, though in general an increase in the price of a normal commodity usually leads to a fall in the demand of that commodity, according to the law of demand, however the extent of fall in demand depends upon the nature of the commodity and how extensively the commodity is being used. This can be portrayed with the help of the concept of elasticity (Canto, Joines and Laffer 2014). Elasticity of Demand: The term elasticity of demand, in economics, refers to the degree of responsiveness of the change in demand for a commodity or service due to a change in the price of the same. The elasticity depends on different factors like the nature of the commodity, the availability of its substitutes and the magnitude of usage of the commodities. If the commodity concerned is not a necessary one or if it has close substitutes which are easily available, then, with a small increase in the price of the commodity, there will be a considerable decrease in its demand as shown in the right hand side figure below (Lin and Prince 2013). However, if the commodity is of necessary in nature and cannot be substituted easily, then an increase in price does not change the demand for the commodity very significantly, indicating that the demand for the commodity is inelastic, as shown in the left hand side figure below: Figure 3: Non-elastic demand (a) and Elastic demand (b) (Source: As created by the author) As is evident from the above figure and the preceding discussion, oil being a commodity, which is of utmost necessity for every individual (household or industry) in any part of the world, the increase in the price of oil, will not reduce the demand for it significantly. This trend is actually observed in reality in the international global market, as can be seen from the concerned article (Forbes.com 2017). Consumer surplus: Due to the fact that the demand for oil is highly inelastic and the supply of oil, in the recent times, has undergone severe downfall due to the external shocks like that of Hurricane Harvey, the situation is expected to be adverse for the consumers all over the world. This can be explained using the economic notion of consumer surplus (Bulow and Klemperer 2012). The consumer surplus is the difference between the actual willingness of the consumer to pay for a commodity or service and the actual amount the consumer pays for the same: Figure 4: Change in consumer surplus (Source: As created by the author) As can be seen from the above figure, which shows the current condition in the international oil market, the initial consumer surplus, before the fall in supply was AP0E. However, due to the fall in the supply of oil and the demand for oil being less elastic, the consumer surplus in the current period has drastically reduced to AP1F. This indicates towards market inefficiency from the consumers perspective, which may have short term or long term implications, depending upon how efficiently and speedily the market recovers (Varian 2014). Market efficiency in long run: As per the article and the discussion in the preceding sections of the essay, the current situation in the global oil market, along with its increasing demand and the supply shock, indicates towards a hike in the price of oil in the current and near future period. The inelastic nature of demand for the commodity also augments this increase in price. The current spot price of oil is higher than the future price or the expected forward price (Wetzstein 2013). However, whether the price of oil will decrease in future or will remain the same will depend upon how fast the oil industry absorbs the shock which stalled its production and how abruptly they can reverse the negative effects by increasing their productivity. If the supply does not increase, then the situation will go on becoming more and more adverse for the consumers. On the other hand, if these negative implications are short term and the supply of oil again increases within a short span of time, then the sufferings of the con sumers will not last for long and the market will again come back to its initial equilibrium, thereby implying the presence of stability in the market (Jarrow and Larsson 2012). Conclusion: As can be concluded from the above discussion, the current oil market, as suggested by the study article, is expected to experience a higher than normal demand in near future. Coupled with the recent drastic supply shock, much of which is due to natural calamities like Hurricane Harvey, the global oil market is expected to experience an overall increase in the level of price, which may be hurting to the consumers as they are expected to enjoy lesser amount of consumer surplus. However, the sufferings can be short term or long term, depending on the efficiency of the market in gaining back its stability by reversing the supply shock in the oil industry and increasing its production. References Bulow, Jeremy, and Paul Klemperer. "Regulated prices, rent seeking, and consumer surplus."Journal of Political Economy120, no. 1 (2012): 160-186. Canto, Victor A., Douglas H. Joines, and Arthur B. Laffer.Foundations of supply-side economics: Theory and evidence. Academic Press, 2014. Forbes.com. 2017. "Forbes Welcome".Forbes.Com. https://www.forbes.com/sites/judeclemente/2017/05/29/the-steady-drumbeat-of-more-global-oil-demand/#792f19ae5e2d. Forbes.com. 2017. "Forbes Welcome".Forbes.Com. https://www.forbes.com/sites/judeclemente/2016/08/28/global-oil-demand-can-only-increase/#68e2b25331a0. Gilchrist, Karen. 2017. "Global Oil Demand To Exceed Expectations In 2017, Says IEA; OPEC Cuts Supply".CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/13/global-oil-demand-to-exceed-expectations-in-2017-says-iea-opec-cuts-supply.html. Jarrow, Robert A., and Martin Larsson. "The meaning of market efficiency."Mathematical Finance22, no. 1 (2012): 1-30. Lin, C-Y. Cynthia, and Lea Prince. "Gasoline price volatility and the elasticity of demand for gasoline."Energy Economics38 (2013): 111-117. Pearson, K. R., Brian R. Parmenter, Alan A. Powell, Peter J. Wilcoxen, and P. B. Dixon.Notes and problems in applied general equilibrium economics. Vol. 32. Elsevier, 2014. Rader, Trout.Theory of microeconomics. Academic Press, 2014. Rios, Manuel C., Campbell R. McConnell, and Stanley L. Brue.Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill, 2013. Varian, Hal R.Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach: Ninth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company, 2014. Wetzstein, Michael Eugene.Microeconomic theory: concepts and connections. Routledge, 2013.

The Catcher in the Rye Themes, Symbols, and Literary Devices

'The Catcher in the Rye' Themes, Symbols, and Literary Devices J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye is a classic coming-of-age story. Narrated by sixteen-year-old Holden Caulfield, the novel paints a portrait of a struggling teenage boy as he attempts to hide his emotional pain behind cynicism and false worldliness. Through the use of symbolism, slang, and an unreliable narrator, Salinger explores themes of innocence vs. phoniness, alienation, and death. Innocence vs. Phoniness If you had to choose one word to represent The Catcher in the Rye, it would be phony, Holden Caufield’s insult of choice and a word he uses to describe most of the people he meets and much of the world he encounters. For Holden, the word implies artifice, a lack of authenticity- pretension. He views phoniness as a sign of growing up, as if adulthood were a disease and phoniness its most obvious symptom. He has moments of faith in younger people, but invariably condemns all the adults as phonies. The flip side of this is the value Holden puts on innocence, on being unspoiled. Innocence is typically assigned to children, and Holden is no exception, regarding his younger siblings as worthy of his affection and respect. His younger sister Phoebe is his ideal- she is intelligent and perceptive, talented and willful, but innocent of the terrible knowledge that Holden himself has gained with his extra six years (most notably concerning sex, which Holden wishes to protect Phoebe from). Holden’s dead brother, Allie, haunts him precisely because Allie will always be this innocent, being deceased. Part of Holden’s torment is his own phoniness. While he does not consciously indict himself, he engages in many phony behaviors that he would abhor if he were to observe them in himself. Ironically, this prevents him from being innocent himself, which explains to some degree Holden’s self-loathing and mental instability. Alienation Holden is isolated and alienated throughout the entire novel. There are hints that he is telling his story from a hospital where he is recovering from his breakdown, and throughout the story his adventures are consistently focused on making some sort of human connection. Holden self-sabotages constantly. He feels lonely and isolated at school, but one of the first things he tells us is that he’s not going to the football game everyone else is attending. He makes arrangements to see people, and then insults them and drives them away. Holden uses alienation to protect himself from mockery and rejection, but his loneliness drives him to keep trying to connect. As a result, Holden’s sense of confusion and alarm grows because he has no true anchor to the world around him. Since the reader is tied to Holden’s point-of-view, that terrifying sense of being completely cut off from everything, of everything in the world not making sense, becomes a visceral part of reading the book. Death Death is the thread that runs through the story. For Holden, death is abstract; he’s not primarily afraid of the physical facts of the end of life, because at 16 he can’t truly understand it. What Holden fears about death is the change that it brings. Holden continuously wishes for things to remain unchanged, and to be able to go back to better times- a time when Allie was alive. For Holden, Allie’s death was a shocking, unwanted change in his life, and he is terrified of more change- more death- especially when it comes to Phoebe. Symbols The Catcher in the Rye. There’s a reason this is the title of the book. The song Holden hears contains the lyric if a body meet a body, coming through the rye that Holden mishears as if a body catch a body. He later tells Phoebe that this is what he wishes to be in life, someone who catches the innocent if they slip and fall. The ultimate irony is that the song is about two people meeting for a sexual encounter, and Holden himself is too innocent to understand that. The Red Hunting Hat. Holden wears a hunting cap that he frankly admits is kind of ridiculous. For Holden it is a sign of his otherness and his uniqueness- his isolation from others. Notably, he removes the hat whenever he is meeting someone he wants to connect with; Holden knows full well the hat is part of his protective coloring. The Carousel. The carousel is the moment in the story when Holden lets go of his sadness and decides he will stop running and grow up. Watching Phoebe ride it, he is happy for the first time in the book, and part of his happiness is imagining Phoebe grabbing for the gold ring- a risky maneuver that could get a kid a prize. Holden’s admission that sometimes you have to let kids take risks like that is his surrender to the inevitability of becoming an adult- and leaving childhood behind. Literary Devices Unreliable Narrator. Holden tells you he is the most terrific liar you ever saw. Holden lies constantly throughout the story, making up identities and masking the fact that he’s been kicked out of school. As a result, the reader can’t necessarily trust Holden’s descriptions. Are the people he calls phonies really bad, or is it just how Holden wants you to see them? Slang. The story’s slang and teenage vernacular are out of date today, but the tone and style were remarkable when it was published for the way Salinger captured the way a teenager sees and thinks about things. The result is a novel that still feels authentic and confessional despite the passage of time. Holden’s style of telling the story also underscores his character- he uses profanities and slang words very self-consciously to shock and to demonstrate his jaded and worldly ways. Salinger also employs the use of filler phrases in Holden’s story, which gives the narrative the feeling of being spoken, as if Holden were actually telling you this story in person.

Decorative Glow Stick Lanterns

Decorative Glow Stick Lanterns Got a glow stick? Use it to make a bright and colorful decorative lantern to use around your home. These colorful glow in the dark lanterns can be used anywhere and made by anyone! Lantern Materials glow sticksscissorsclear glass or plastic containers Make Glowing Lanterns Snap a glow stick to activate it.Snip the end off of the glow stick.Shake the contents of the glow stick into a decorative container to make a glow in the dark lantern. Tips and Safety Info Be sure your containers are dry. Water interferes with the chemical reaction that makes glow sticks glow.While glow sticks typically are labeled as non-toxic, they are not edible. Dont drink the liquid; do wash any glassware used in this project before using it with food.Usually, you break a glass tube inside a glow stick in order to activate it. You will shake the glass out with the liquid. Be careful of the glass so that you dont accidentally cut yourself.This can be a messy project! Its a good idea to shake out the glow stick liquid over some newspapers or a kitchen counter. The glow stick liquid can stain carpets, clothing, etc.

Welfare state Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Welfare state - Research Paper Example This essay discusses that If evidence shows that high numbers of individuals leave the welfare system within a period of fewer than 6 months, it would greatly validate my claim that individuals do not feed on the welfare system and resist coming off of it.   In addition, it would be important to find qualitative information from welfare recipients that explain the reasoning for them entering into receiving welfare as well as their reason for coming off of it.   One struggle with this qualitative examination is the emotional struggles endured that cause member of society to enter into welfare or to remove them from receiving welfare benefits.   Such emotional struggles can be attributed to psychosocial, environmental and familial shame as previously mentioned.    It is my wish to find evidence that will support or refute my original claim that welfare programs, specifically those of food stamps and unemployment benefits, are beneficial for society as a whole and help individua ls re-enter society’s workforce while coping with unfortunate circumstances.   Likewise, I seek to find information to support to refute my claim that individuals do not wish to stay on welfare benefits and will work hard to come off of them because of psychosocial, environmental and familial shame that is associated with being on welfare.   Historical evidence will be drawn to help understand the origination of the welfare system and previous empirical data will help to analyze the trends associated with individuals that have received welfare benefits.   Ã‚  

Role of Allied Professional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role of Allied Professional - Essay Example However, the pharmacist may refuse to honor such prescription, if in his or her own judgment as a professional pharmacist find that, honoring such prescription may result to total violation of the law. Secondly, the pharmacist may refuse to honor Doctor’s prescription if the drugs prescribed may jeopardize the life of a patient by creating an addiction. In addition, the pharmacist may refuse to honor such prescription if it violates the interest of a patient. Further, the pharmacist has a professional duty of exercising professional duty in ensuring the best interest of patient’s health. Pharmacist also a responsibility of providing counseling guidance to patients on the risk associated with the drug if it is not properly utilized (Buerki & Vottero, 2002). Based on this case it can be observed that the pharmacist observed some of those responsibilities as required by the law. For example, when the Plaintiff/ patient (Patrick McLaughlin) delivered the prescription from Doctor Edwards, the pharmacist (Kathy ODell and Craig Merrick) honored the prescription as ordered by the Doctor. However, he failed to exercise his responsibility by supplying more drugs to McLaughlin despite the fact that the records indicated that McLaughlin had consumed more propoxyphene drugs than required. Further, he failed to caution the patient of the health risk that could result if he consumes an overdose (Legal Inc, 2013). I agree with the court findings in favor of Hooks because, Hooks was not a direct causation of the injuries sustained by Patrick McLaughlin. In addition, Hooks was not attributed to McLaughlin attempts to commit suicide. Secondly, the pharmacists were within their line of professional duty by observing the prescription recommended by the Doctor. In addition, the case was decided based on the principle of Stare decisis. Whereby, the same precedent used in the previous cases was followed. For example, the ruling for this case made based

Applications of CAPTCHA

Applications of CAPTCHA Ramteen Talib CAPTCHA is a powerful tool Qingkun Ramteen Talib A CAPTCHA or Captcha is a type of challenge-response test used in to computing o ensure that the response is not generated by a computer. CAPTCHAÂÂ   requires that the user type letters or digits from a distorted image that appears on the screen. Any user entering a correct solution is presumed to be human else user is bot and denied access. It is sometimes described as a reverse Turing test. OCRs(Optical Character Recognition) are not able to read CAPTCHAs Characteristeics A CAPTCHA is a means of automatically generating new challenges which: Current software is unable to solve accurately. Most humans can solve Does not rely on the type of CAPTCHA being new to the attacker. CAPTCHAs rely on difficult problems in artificial intelligence Origin First developed by Alta Vistain 1997.The term coined in 2000 by Luis von Ahn, Manuel Blum and Nicholas J. Hopper of Carnegie Mellon University and John Langford of IBM. Primitive CAPTCHAs seem to have been developed in 1997 by Andrei Broder, Martin Abadi, Krishna Bharat, and Mark Lillibridge to prevent bots from adding URLs to their search engine. Turning Test Proposed by Alan Turing To test a machines level of intelligence Human judge asks questions to two participants, one is a machine, he doesnt know which is which, If judge cant tell which is the machine, the machine passes the test. CAPTCHA employs a reverse Turing test, Judge = CAPTCHA program , Participant = user if user passes CAPTCHA, he is human If user fails, it is a machine Types of CAPTCHAs 1.Text Based CAPTCHAs 2.Graphics Based CAPTCHAs 3.Audio or Sound Based CAPTCHAs Text Based Typically relay on sophisticated distortion of text images rendering them unrecognizable to the state of the art of the pattern recognition programs but recognizable by humans. Examples: Simple, normal language questions: What is sum of three and thirty-five? If today is Saturday, what is day after tomorrow? Very effective, needs a large question bank Cognitively challenged users find it hard . Gimpy: Originally designed by Yahoo and CMU. Based on human ability to read heavily distorted and corrupted text. works by choosing a certain number of words from a dictionary, and then displaying them corrupted and distorted in an image; after that Gimpy asks the user to type the words displayed in that image. EZ-Gimpy: A modified version of Gimpy. Used in Yahoo Messenger Service. It contains only one random character string. The word is random and not picked from the dictionary. Its not a good implementation of CAPTCHA, and already broken OCRs. MSN Passport service CAPTCHAs: its provided for Microsoft MSN services. uses 8 characters. Warping is used to distort. Its very strongly implemented and hasnÂÂ ·t been broken Graphic Based CAPTCHAs Requires user to perform image recognition test. Examples: IMAGINATION: CAPTCHA that requires two steps to be passed. first step visitor clicks elsewhere on the picture that composed of a few images and selects in this way a single image. second step the selected image is loaded. It is enlarged but very distorted. Also variants of the answer are loaded on the client side. The visitor should select a correct answer from the set of the proposed words. BONGO: After M.M.Bongard, pattern recognition expert. User has to solve a pattern recognition problem. ASSIRA: Animal Species Image Recognition for Restricting Access. Its a HIP that works by asking users to identify photographs of cats and dogs. Difficult for computers but humans can accomplish it very quickly and accurately. Audio CAPTCHAs Require user to solve a speech recognition test. In this version of captcha letters are read aloud instead of being displayed in an image. Helps visually disabled users Below is the Googles audio enabled CAPTCHA. 3D CAPTCHA 3DCaptcha is the captcha nice to humans, bad to machines. It is written in PHP. A new approach to captchas, using humans spatial cognition abilities to differentiate humans from machines. It uses a markov-chain to generate words that resemble human language and are easy to type, yet avoid dictionary lookups. It filters profane language. Its easy to deploy. Re-CAPTCHA Free CAPTCHA service that helps to digitize books, newspapers and old time radio shows. reCAPTCHA improves the process of digitizing books by sending words that cannot be read by computers to the Web in the form of CAPTCHAs for humans to decipher. Each word that cannot be read correctly by OCR is placed on animage and used as a CAPTCHA. This is possible because most OCR programs alert you when a wordcannot be read correctly. Working of reCAPTCHA: Two words are shown, one word is known as Control Word, and another one is known a questionable word. System assumes that if human types the control word correctly, the questionable word is also correct. The identification performed by each OCR program is given a value of 0.5 points, and each interpretation by a human is given a full point. Once a given identification hits 2.5 votes, the word is considered called. Applications Preventing Comment Spam in Blogs Protecting Website Registration Protecting Email Address From Scrapers Online Polls Preventing Dictionary Attacks Search Engine Bots Worms and Spam Advancing Artificial Intelligence Called Hard-AI problems. CAPTCHA tests are based on open problems in artificial intelligence (AI). A win-win scenario: Either a CAPTCHA is not broken and there is a way to differentiate humans from computers. Or the CAPTCHA is broken and an AI problem is solved. Thus AI knowledge is advanced if CAPTCHAs are broken. V/S Constructing CAPTCHAs Things to keep in mind: Dont store CAPTCHA solution in Web pages meta data A CAPTCHA is no good if it doesnt distort Need a large database of different CAPTCHA questions Avoid repetition of questions CAPTCHA Logic: Generate the question Persist the correct answer Present the question to user Evaluate answer, if incorrect, start again-Generate a different CAPTCHA If correct, allow access to user Guidelines: Accessibility Image security Script security Security after widespread adoption Custom implementation or a general CAPTCHA? Breaking CAPTCHAs Cracking CAPTCHAs through programs Convert CAPTCHA into greyscale Detect patterns in the image corresponding to characters Or, read session files of that user and know the CAPTCHA word Solution: Only store a hash of the CAPTCHA word in session files Issues with CAPTCHAs Usability issues W3C mandates Web to be accessible to all people Some CAPTCHAs are inaccessible to visually impaired, cognitively challenged people Compatibility issues JavaScript may need to be activated in browsers Some may need Adobe Flash plugin installed Real World Conclusion CAPTCHAs are an effective way to counter bots and reduce spam They serve dual purposeÂÂ ²help advance AI knowledge Applications are variedÂÂ ²from stopping bots to character recognition pattern matching Some issues with current implementations represent challenges for future improvements